What is reefer?
A refrigerated container or "reefer" is a shipping container used in intermodal freight transport that is refrigerated for the transportation of temperature sensitive cargo.
A refrigerated container or reefer on a truck. Zoom picture
While a reefer will have an integral refrigeration unit, they rely on external power, from electrical power points at a land based site, a container ship or on quay. When being transported over the road on a trailer they can be powered from diesel powered generators ("gen sets") which attach to the container whilst on road journeys.
Some reefers are equipped with a water cooling system, which can be used if the reefer is stored below deck on a vessel without adequate ventilation to remove the heat generated.
Water cooling systems are expensive, so modern vessels rely more on ventilation to remove heat from cargo holds, and the use of water cooling systems is declining.
Another refrigeration system uses liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) for cooling. This cryogenic concept was developed in response to rising fuel costs, and was an attempt to find an alternative to the standard mechanical refrigeration systems requiring maintenance, fuel and creating emissions. The CO2 reefer system can keep the container's cargo frozen solid as long as 30 days.
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